Waite frames Judgement as rebirth/awakening in his Pictorial Key, not so much about karma.
Still works as a reckoning moment. The Thoth deck switches things up, Justice becomes Adjustment, Judgement becomes The Aeon. Both cards shift toward balance, truth, and evolution. People often read this as karmic law or a cosmic audit of sorts. When I trace the numbers back, I notice agency and intuition themes linking the Wheel to the Magician and Judgement to the High Priestess.